Ray Diagrams
Light, Sound and Waves

Thinking about actions to take: Modelling Light with Ray Diagrams

Teaching Guidance for 11-14 Supporting Physics Teaching

There's a good chance you could improve your teaching if you were to:

Try these

  • explicitly separating beams and rays
  • being explicit about the modelling process
  • exemplifying the construction of ray diagrams
  • using the ray model to make predictions
  • explicitly choosing rays to draw

Teacher Tip: Work through the Physics Narrative to find these lines of thinking worked out and then look in the Teaching Approaches for some examples of activities.

Avoid these

  • conflating rays and beams
  • conflating the lived-in world with the theoretical world of physics
  • sketching ray diagrams

Teacher Tip: These difficulties are distilled from: the research findings; the practice of well-connected teachers with expertise; issues intrinsic to representing the physics well.

IOP AWARDS 2025

Teachers of Physics Awards

The Teachers of Physics Award celebrates the success of secondary school physics teachers who have raised the profile of physics and science in schools. Nominations for 2025 are now open.

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