This topic could extend a study of diffraction of waves, or be part of a study of material structures, or of atomic physics.

Teaching Guidance 16-19

Many of the basic ideas can be studied with a range of capacitors (at least one with a large value, 10 000 mF or more) and...

Teaching Guidance 16-19

The equipment used in this topic is relatively basic. Look out for display meters, excellent for demonstrations, and which are...

Teaching Guidance 16-19

Most multimeters can function as ohm meters, for measuring resistance directly. They apply a small voltage to the component...

Teaching Guidance 16-19

It is essential to become well-versed in the use of an oscilloscope for displaying voltages. If you have access to more than...

Teaching Guidance 16-19

A joulemeter will be useful when discussing energy and power in electric circuits. It is worth practising with it before using...

Teaching Guidance 16-19

Here, students can learn more about how the microscopic behaviour of particles gives rise to macroscopic behaviour; they can...

Teaching Guidance 16-19

There is great variation between exam specifications in this area, so you are advised to check carefully which aspects you...

Teaching Guidance 16-19

There are some tricky experiments in this topic, and it is well worth practising them in advance.

Teaching Guidance 16-19

Magnetic fields will have to be shown; iron filings are a standard way to do this, but you may also find a magnaprobe useful –...

Teaching Guidance 16-19

In this topic, students will extend their terrestrial experience to develop a much broader picture of the force of gravity...

Teaching Guidance 16-19

There are several demonstrations in this topic which can add a lot to the interest of the subject. It is useful to practise...

Teaching Guidance 16-19