Floating and sinking activity
Classroom Activity
for 11-14
What the Activity is for
Sinking bottles

The purpose of this activity is to guide pupils through a sequence of first hand experiences that enable them to make sense of floating and sinking. Floating and sinking are related to the resultant of gravity and buoyancy forces acting on an object, to the weight of the object, and to the volume of water displaced by the object.
What to Prepare
Per group:
- Some prepared bottles
- A bowl of water or water in a sink
- Some coloured water in a 1 litre jug
- A few large stones of different volumes, to place in the bottles one at a time
What Happens During this Activity
Invite pupils to take the sealed bottle to gently push it into the water.
Teacher: How much do you have to push down on the bottle to make a hole in the water? How does that force you exert depend on the size of the hole?
Teacher: What will happen if you try with a bottle that does not push the water out of the way, so not making a hole?
Now try with the doctored bottle, that does not make such a hole. Now gentle pushing will not result in a buoyancy force. Whatever the position of the bottle, the buoyancy force is zero.
Teacher: The first bottle is more like a boat – the second a boat that'll never float. But now let's have a boat that's partly loaded.
Try with an open topped bottle, about a quarter full of coloured water. This'll weigh more as it's carrying water – a water ballasted boat.
Teacher: How far into the water did the bottle go when you allowed it to find its own height? What force did you have to exert on the bottle to make it flow higher?… and lower?
Now try again replacing the water in the bottle with a stone that is less heavy than the water.
Teacher: Can you predict how deeply the bottle will float now? What about with a stone that is less heavy than the water?
Draw out the conclusions at a level of detail and precision appropriate to the class. It might be possible to measure the volume of water displaced (the hole made by the bottle) and relate it to the stone's mass – but it may not be useful to do so.