For students aged 11-14:

• You can remind students about states of matter in this short clip from the BBC. There are more in the series, which is found by searching for chemistry topics.
• The changes of state are described and linked to the changes at a particle level; as is often the case for chemistry videos, the energy references may need further explanation.

For students aged 14-16:

• There are several variations of the required practical on density that students can complete at home, but for explanations of the lab method it's worth showing them the correct equipment.
• This explanation by a teacher of the Hooke's Law practical, including key points about the experimental method, may also be useful.
• If you can cope with the American enthusiasm and accent this Crash Course on ideal gas laws is excellent. It overlaps with the content needed by older students and focuses on the relationships, not the experimental detail.

For students aged 16-19:

• It can be useful to show how properties of gases are combined with a clear diagram, summarising what students can obtain from simulations.
• Students can't use a fire piston at home but the explanation here is very helpful.

The following suggestions are intended to provide a 'flavour' of practical work while students are working at home. The suggestions consist of both simulations, which colleagues may find useful to set 'virtual practicals', and simple experiments that demonstrate basic principles. Many of the suggestions can be used across age groups with appropriate questions to test understanding. Some of these come from the Marvin and Milo resources, which cover many topics in an accessible way.

For use with students aged 11-14:

• Ice-Water-Oil is a quick practical to demonstrate the concept of density. Alternatively, Density of ice from the Royal Society of Chemistry has a very similar method.
• Marvin and Milo's Cloud in a Glass demonstrates condensation.
• The PhET States of Matter simulation shows what is happening at a particle level for solids, liquids and gases.
• To introduce the effect of changing temperature on the gas pressure inside a container, the Cool-Coin Launcher from the Naked Scientists is a good alternative to an exploding can.

For use with students aged 14-16:

• Many density practicals can be completed at home by substituting careful use of a measuring jug for a measuring cylinder. Start by measuring the density of liquids and then consider others from the Density Practicals collection.
• More ideas are explored in the worksheet from Classroom Physics 44 (last two pages).
• PhET's Introducing Gas Laws simulation is a good starting point to consider pressure and temperature in gases.
• Marvin and Milo's Cartesian Ketchup Diver can be used to stimulate thinking about pressure in liquids.

For use with students aged 16-19:

• Strawberry laces, or similar, can be used to investigate the effect of forces in this Stretchy Sweets practical. Without lab equipment students could use coins as an alternative to standard masses, giving them something extra to consider in their evaluation.
• Using the teacher worksheets that accompany the PhET Hooke's Law simulation allows students to focus on the mathematical relationships involved.
• The American 'Teach Engineering' site has a detailed sequence of activities that include practical applications of Young's Modulus, Mechanics of Elastic Solids.
• The Materials collection includes useful explanations and diagrams that can be provided to students to accompany other resources.
• Building on the link in the section above, the PhET Gas Laws simulation includes more detail such as connections between temperature and particle velocity.

Health and Safety Guidance

These experiments have been selected by trained teachers as appropriate for use at home, but we have not specifically tested them for home use. All experiments are carried out at your own risk.

To avoid risk of injury or damage, we recommend that you follow the instructions as shown, and that a responsible adult supervises all practical activity and considers the suitability of each task for their child.

Teachers proposing to recommend any resources to their students should:

1. work within safety policies established by their school;
2. use their professional judgement to assess the suitability of experiments for their own students;
3. direct students and their parents/guardians to follow all stated instructions.

For students aged 11-14

• The mental models needed to explain materials in terms of their particles can often include misconceptions. The EPSE questions on this topic, from the University of York, are very helpful to diagnose the thinking behind student answers and to give indications of useful approaches. Refer to the guidance to make best use of these questions; it includes links to other resources too.
• These KS3 Mastery booklets in docx format contain teaching materials as well as review questions for a range of topics. Particles in the year 7 section and Matter in year 9 are most relevant, with Hooke's Law in the year 9 topic of Forces in Action.

For students aged 14-16

• A range of exam-style questions are available, but there will inevitably be overlaps between subject areas. The Physics and Maths Tutor site is organised by exam board, but then by topic, for example the Particle Model page for AQA. Due to the different treatment of concepts such as internal energy across boards it is worth being careful when sharing these resources with students. Markschemes are included but not examiners' notes.
• The exam-board sections on BBC Bitesize include resources for both revision and tests, as you can see on the AQA Particle Model of Matter, OCR 21st Century Matter and Models and Nationals Gas Laws pages. It may be useful to share sections from exam boards your students are not doing for greater variety.
• Isaac Physics has Quick Quizzes on Density, which focus on fluency with the mathematical relationship.

For students aged 16-19

• A-level questions will also have overlaps between subject areas, such as this quiz for OCR from STEM Learning which covers forces and measurements as well as materials.
• Isaac Physics has organised sets of questions by topic; the Materials section includes Hooke's Law and the relationship to stored energy. For gas laws questions head for the Thermodynamics section within Physical Chemistry.